I installed FreePBX 17 in Oracle (VirtualBox) on a physical computer, and then I enabled SSH as well. But now I cannot ping the FreePBX IP address from the physical computer, even though the network adapter is set to Bridged Adapter.
The IP address set on the server is set by the Debian12 OS you installed FreePBX on. While there is an interface in FreePBX’s System Admin to modify this, you would have had to have accessed FreePBX with the GUI in order to modify this there, which obviously you did not since you can’t access FreePBX.
Debian 12 uses basically 2 ways to set an IP. If it’s installed without the GUI then it uses dhcp client if installed with a GUI it uses Network Manager. If you installed it with the GUI then use the GUI to set a static IP. If installed without the GUI then the easiest is to put a reserved lease in your DHCP server, then delete the dhcp client file that remembered the last IP number out of /var/lib/dhcp and reboot the server so it picks up the reserved lease from the DHCP server.
If you are positive the IP in the virtualbox guest image of Debian is correct (you ran ip addr at the command line, right) then this is a VirtualBox configuration issue and you would probably get more help from a Vitualbox specific forum.