It works “properly” with Verify Server turned off. I thought your other thread made clear that Asterisk’s implementation of certificate checking and the providers’ topologies are incompatible.
Do you think Telnyx is validating your cert when they send you calls? I just tested it by setting up a new DNS name pointing to my PBX, which does not correspond to anything listed in the certificate, and then telling Telnyx to send calls there by TLS. Surprise! Ring, ring, and I have a SIP capture to prove that they sent the call to my alternate DNS name.
Clearly, the answer is no, they don’t validate customer certs, and if you asked their engineers I suspect one of the reasons they don’t is that half of the TLS connections would be broken.